Wage Gap in 2025:   

• Women working full time, year-round were paid just 84 cents for every dollar paid to men in 2025, up from 81 cents in the previous year and similar to the 84-cent gap in 2022.  This wage gap calculation compares women of all races/ethnicities and men of all races/ethnicities.  

• There was an increase in women’s earnings between 2024 and 2025 while men’s earnings were not statistically different year over year. This is the opposite of 2024, where men’s earnings increased and women’s did not. 

• The wage gap for full-time, year-round workers was larger for some women by race/ethnicity:  
  • Black women working full time, year-round were paid just 64 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men, down from 65 cents in 2024, 66 cents in 2023, and 69 cents in 2022. Of the data available, Black women were the only group of women who experienced a wage gap widening.  
  • Latina women working full time, year-round were paid just 60 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men, up from 58 cents in 2024.  
  • White, non-Hispanic women working full time, year-round were paid just 81 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men, up from 77 cents in 2024 and 80 cents in 2023.  

• When part-time and part-year workers were included, the wage gap is even larger, with women being paid just 78 cents for every dollar paid to men in 2025, up from 76 cents in 2024 and 75 cents in 2023. Again, this calculation compares women of all races/ethnicities to men of all races/ethnicities. 

• The wage gap between all working women and men, including part-time and part-year workers, was even worse for some women by race/ethnicity in 2025:  
  • Including part-time and part-year workers, Black women were paid just 64 cents for every dollar paid to working white, non-Hispanic men, up from 63 cents in 2024 and similar to the 64-cent gap in 2023.  
  • Including part-time and part-year workers, Latinas were paid 53 cents for every dollar paid to working white, non-Hispanic men, down from 54 cents in 2024.  
  • Including part-time and part-year workers, white, non-Hispanic women were paid just 73 cents for every dollar paid to working white, non-Hispanic men, unchanged from 2024.  

*** The wage gaps for all groups were calculated using the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) data from the U.S. Census Bureau. 

Health Insurance Coverage in 2025:   

The Census Bureau only counts individuals as uninsured in 2025 if they did not have insurance for all 12 months. This means people who lost health insurance during 2025, or who were without health insurance for part of the year are not counted among the uninsured in this measure. As a result, uninsurance rates for 2025 are likely underestimated.  

• 92.9% of women and girls had some form of health insurance coverage in 2025. Over 12.2 million women and girls remained uninsured.  

• The share of women and girls without health insurance coverage was 7.1% in 2025, unchanged from 7.1% in 2024.  

• The cuts to Medicaid in the July 2025 reconciliation bill, or the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (OBBBA), and the expiration of the enhanced tax credits that made ACA marketplace more affordable will cause millions of people to lose health insurance coverage over the next several years. The data likely will not be able to capture the full extent of these losses in future years due to the measurement specificity noted above.  

• Over one in 10 women of reproductive age (19-54) were uninsured in 2025 (10.4%), meaning nearly 8.3 million women in this age group had no coverage last year. 

• Uninsurance rates varied significantly by race and ethnicity and were higher for Latina and Black women, underscoring the importance of policies that address the specific barriers they face when seeking health insurance coverage, including gender- and race-based discrimination: 
  • Latina women and girls (14.9% uninsured) were over three times more likely than white, non-Hispanic women and girls (4.2% uninsured) to be without insurance in 2025.  
  • 8.7% of Black women and girls were uninsured in 2025, over two times more likely than white, non-Hispanic women and girls, and up from 7.5% in 2024. 

*** The Census Bureau health insurance data is not available before 1999 and all historical comparisons are from 1999 to 2025.  

Poverty in 2025:   

• Using the Census Bureau’s official poverty measure (OPM), 11.1% of women and girls lived in poverty in 2025, a slight drop from the 2024 rate of 11.7%.  

• The OPM poverty rate for children was 13.4% in 2025, a drop from 14.4% in 2024. 

• OBBBA has already worsened economic circumstances for many women and their families. However, since the law was enacted mid-year and only began to take effect later in 2025, poverty rates may have been higher towards the end of 2025 than the overall annual figures suggest. As more of OBBBA’s provisions take effect through 2026 and beyond, further reducing critical supports for families, poverty will likely rise.   

• Poverty rates as measured by the OPM were worse for many women of color, older women, and families headed by single women with children:
  • 10.5% of women aged 18 and older lived in poverty in 2025, compared to 8.1% of men 18 and older. 
  • Over one in five Black women (16.6%) and Latinas (14.4%) lived in poverty last year as compared to 6.3% of white, non-Hispanic men.  
  • 10.7% of women aged 65 and older lived in poverty last year, compared to 8.6% of men aged 65 and older. 
  • Nearly one in three families headed by single women with children (29.5%) lived in poverty. 

• Using the supplemental poverty measure (SPM): 
  • 13.8% of women and girls lived in poverty in 2025, similar to 13.7% in 2024.  
  • The SPM rate for children was 13.4% in 2025, similar to 13.5% in 2024

The Census Bureau only released OPM data on Tuesday, September 15. This page will be updated with additional poverty data on Thursday, September 17, when the Census Bureau releases additional supplemental poverty measure (SPM) rates, which better reflect the realities of income and costs that many families face today. The SPM captures the poverty-reducing effects of non-cash public benefits such as SNAP and tax credits, benefits that are especially significant for families with children. 

*** The official poverty measure (OPM) reported by the Census Bureau measures the percentage of the U.S. population with total income below the federal poverty threshold for their family size. “Income” is calculated before taxes and includes only cash income, such as earnings, pension and retirement income, investment income, Social Security, public assistance (cash), unemployment benefits, workers’ compensation, veterans’ payments, and alimony and child support payments. Census’ data for 2024 released in 2026 may not match those published last year due to implementation of Vintage 2025 population controls. Where possible, 2024 figures reported here are the most recently released. 

*** The supplemental poverty measure (SPM) extends the official poverty measure partly by incorporating the value of several federal and state benefits that help support low-income families but are not counted as income under the official poverty measure (e.g. SNAP benefits, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the refundable portion of Child Tax Credit), minus nondiscretionary expenses (e.g., taxes, work, and medical expenses).